Railway lighting apparatus



1. sulla.

RAILWAY LIGHUNG APPARATUS.

MPLICATIN FiLED SEPT. 6.191?.

Pmnd Jury 1, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. t

JOSEPH BIJUR. 0F.NEVJ YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE SAFETY CAB. HEATING 6i:

i LIGHTING COMPANY, A CRPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

RAILWAY LIGHTING APIARATUS.

Specification ot'Lettei-s Patent.

Patented July 1, 1919.

Original application Med December 1, 1910, Serial No. 595,070. Divided and this application led September 6, 1917. Serial No. 189,911.

To all whomz't may concern:

Be it known that I, JosErH BIJUR, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Railway Lighting Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention, relates to electric regu- 'lating apparatus. One of the objects thereeliicient operation.

This application is a division of my application Serial No. 595,070, filed December l, 1910. for railway lighting apparatus.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction and operation, coinbinatious of elements and arrangements of parts which are exemplified in the following description and the. scope of the application of which will be indicated in the appended claims. v

Inthe accompanying drawings, in which is shown one of various possible einhodiments of this invention,

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan illustrating one application of thc present invention to an electric regulating system.

Fig. 2 is a plan partiallyin section, showing the regulating mechanism. c

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2.

Similar reference characters refer to siinilar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Referring now to Fig. 1 of the drawings, there is shown a generator l. connected in scries with the shunt field 2 in which is a variable resistance medium 3. The value of the resistance of'tliis medium is al'l'cctcd hy coils 4 and 5, the first. of which is serially connected in the generator main 6 and the second of which is bridged across the nerthe other voltage coils herein have serially f connected therewith resistance elements 7 formed of a material of substantiall zero temperature coeiicent whereby the e ect of variations in temperature upon the resist ance of these voltage branches is rendered substantially negligible.

Considering in detail the 'mechanism acte ing upon the variable resistance 3. it is to he noted hy reference to 'Fig'. 2 of the drawings that this resistancecomprises a pair of sets of contacting members, as carbon disks 8, these incuibcrsrand sets being seri` ally connected one with another.` These disks, which are arranged in upright position, abut at one side against a plate 9, adjustable as hy thc screw 10, and at the other side against a iiiovablcl pressure plate l11, suit-able insulation being provided.

Mounted upon the frame. 1Q is a rotatable shaft 13, and secured 4to this shaft is a rocking member 1l pivoted :is shown at liito a link 1li which is in turn pivoted to the pressure plate 11 by the pin '1l'. These, parts are so disposed as to'forni a toggle, as indicated in Fig. 3 of the drawingsfaud as this` toggle is swung into its alincd position itv tends to compress the carhons, thus balancing thc increasing resistance loconiprcssion of the carhons by thc increasing pressure cxeitcd by the toggle, as hereinafter noted. i

The member 14 is provided with an ariu 18 which is adapted to 'he engaged by an adjustable screw 19 upon a lever QU pivotcd at 2l, for independent rotation or oscillation. One cud ot' this last lcvcr is provided with a dashpot 22 and the opposite cud with a core 23 enacting with the coil 4.

Secured upon the shaft I3 is'a lever 2l having at its opposite ends the dashpot: Q3 and a cori` .26 courting with coil 5.

Suitable springs )7 are provided in such position as to tend to retract tht` pressure plate 1l and adjustable springs QS and Q9 respectively enacting with the, levers Q0 and 24 to oppose the action of the corresponding soleuoids. It will thus be seen that the lever Gli iii ,ntially compensated b move up and down may be 4com "20 may swing independently of the resistance element 3 throughout a portion of its 'path butI uson being swung downwardly to a sufficient egree will interlock with the arm 18 and reduce the pressure upon the variable' resistance.

By this construction the increasing resistance to compression exerted by the car- ?ns as compression progresses may be subthe increasing leverage of the toggle. he increasing or decreasing pull of the solenoids as the cores nsated by the angularity and stretching o the correspending springs, so that, or a constant slti'en4 lor excitation of the solenoids, their pull is substantially balanced by the mechanical opposition, irrespective of the position of the regulator in its range. In this manner'the carbons maybe compacted to whatever degree of low resistance is found expedient2 and may also be opened to produce as high resistance asvmay be necessary to limit the generator voltage without substantial disturbance of the balance between the solenoid and the spring, thus giving a wide variation of resistance according with predetermined conditions.

It will also be seen from the above construction that the spring retracting the series solenoid may be set to correspond to any current value desired. Below these current values the arm has a tendency to rotate in a clockwise direction and does not assist the pull of the voltage solenoid. When the current exceeds the set value, the series solenoid shaft tends to rotate anti-clockwise, and so much of the magnetic pull as is in excess of the Spring pull is added to the pull of the voltage coil.

As conducive to a clearer understanding of the operation of the above features of this invention und the application of thisY invention to an electric regulating system. it may be noted that a battery may be operated to a state of substantially full charge by up lying to its terminals a constant voltage, t e effect being to taper off the charging current until the battery, when full, is

taking no material oni-rent. Such a charge is advantageous in that injurious ovcrcharg- ,ing is avoided` since the fuller the battery heroines the less the charging current that goes ilto it. If the voltage suitable to taper pti' thg charge of the battery be maintained across the terminals of a battery that is com` pletcly discharged an excessively high current would Howl into it. Accordingly. a dominant aim of this invention as applied to an electric regulating system is to limit the current flowing into the battery` if in a discharged condition, to some predetermined amount, such, as either the limit which is innocuous fonthe battery, or the limit which the generator will withstand, the

`value of the series coil being set to one ofA lsystem may be used upon a single car or any desired ortion thereof may be so used` ,but in Ilie il ustrative system here described the apparatus above set forth is assumed to be placed upon one car, as the tender of the locomotive, andf this portion of the apparatus down to the couplings, diagrammatically indicated at 30, may be referred to generically by the letter A. In like manner the alpparatus between the couplings 30 and coup ings 31 is assumed to be upon another car of the train 5B and the remaining portion of the system upon a third car C. Moreover, the number of cars-may be indefinitely increased by an application of the principles of this invention.

It may here be noted that the term car is used throughout with a broad si i canoe to denote any vehicle whether it a locomotive tender, passenger coach or otherwise. Considering now the apparatus upon car B, which, as above noted, may be placed upon 'car A if desired, the mains 6 and 32Y are connected from car A by any desired form of coupling. Conductor 32 is led directly throughoutthe train, whereas the conductor 6 passes first tothe end of the train as at 33 and then turns upon itself, making a connection with the various sets of apparatns in inverse'direction with respect to the conductor 32, and thus neutralizing the effect of otential drop throughout the length of t e train.

Connected across the mains is a potential coil 34, and it may here benoted that the term coil is used with u broad significance to comprehend either a fixed core magnet or a solenoid and in fact any coniuctor so disposed as to resent a substan ialinagnetic field. The field of this coil attracts 'a circuit closing switch 35 which upon acting, closes the circuit through the coil 36, also active upon this switch, and thence through storage orseeondary battery 37 to conductor 3L Leading from this battery soA 37 is a: conductor 38 which after passing:1115

cuit through both voltage coils 42"and. 45

leads through a switch 46. Voltage coil 45' through suitable mechanism indicated by the lever 47, controls the value of variable -resistance element 39 and accordingr as the field of coil `42, and consequently o'f'coil 45,

Yof current through lthe coil 10, above frethe field strength of these coils.

increases, the lever 4T cuts muore resistance into the main and tends to reduce the abnormal voltage occasioning the increase of ,An abnor-v mal decrease of voltage is remedied in the. reverse manner. The switch46 is retracted by a spring 48 but is closed upon the flow ferred to. There is also provided a voltage Acoil 49 bridged between the conductor 64 and der'ed operative.

the conductor` 32 which is adapted uponi the generator being in action -to exert sufficient lield strength to act of itself to close the switch. Accordingly, if either lcurrent is flowing` to the lamps through coil 40 or field u strength given to coil 49 byftlu-mlnning ofthe generator, the switch 46 will be closed andthe voltage regulating apparatus .ren-

l-l'ut `if "neither of these conditions obtain the spring'S open-circuits i' the. voltage regulating apparatus and does ,the 'main switch 35.

away with the drain of current from the battery through the'coils 42 and 45.

The operation of Hthe dynamo regulating "apparatus, if no lamp load were on and the battenvywere in a` substantially-discharged 30 condition, would be as'followstAssummg that th spring opposinghthe current solen'oid' were setto conforxn to thev current 'Value which the generator lcould vstand continuously' and that'the spring of the voltage coil were setto suelta` value-.ms would pass onlya slight current into a fully charged battery, upon the car speeding up from rest, the carbons inthe regulator remain in a highly compressedstate, the generator liel d strengthis nearly the maximum. and at a 'low speedthe generator attainsl sullicient voltage teedual that. of the battery and close 'Ihis ,voltage is materially below that forwhich the voltage coil is set, andthe voltagerenlains low until tho battery is partiallycharged.- The voltage coil, therefore, docs not open thc carbons. lith slightly' increasing speed of tlnl car,

generator cnrrenttlows into the battery at ,-i ra v)idlv `increasing rate unt-il the value is rcac ed 'for'whch the current solenoid is set, whereupon it moves anti-clockwise, adds its pull to' that of the voltage-solenoid, and hegins to opcn the cal-bons. A further 1u crease in s eed tends to produce increasing current, w wfloh causes the series solenoid-to over-balance theA regulator, opening the carbons until the current is brought back to substantially the set value. The charge continues in this manner accompanied by" a rising' voltage across the battery terminals until the point 'drenched at which the voltage coil is set. le current coil this point would imbalance the gaeulator if the currcnt in it exceeded its set value, so that as the voltage coil is fully exciteilthe excess pull of the series coil is substantially zero. Further charge causes thc batter)v to lnaintain the set value of voltage with a Ilowcr current input than that for which the current coil is set, whereupon the current arm rotates clockwise, leaving the voltage coil alone controlling the opening of thecarlmns. The charge proceeds from here ouat constant voltage and diminishing current fvalues until the battery issubstantially full, at which point the charge `current remains Small.

Assumin `that a full load, of lamps or other trans atingdevces, within the capacity of the generatorwas' thrown on-aud .fedj

from a battery. in nearly dischargedf'condition, the cycle of opelations' from the start of the car would take placeas followslrThc generator would excite and the'nlain switch close as before, thevoltagerisinguntil'the current into the battery, added to thecurrent flowingl to the translating -devices, reached the value for which the current coil was set. This 'would occur at alowerA voltage than in the previous instance, since the charginr current i'nto thebattery wouldA be less. Tlie current solenoid would acttocontrol the opening ofbthe carbone as before,

and longertitne `would elapse beforcthe so much as is'not consumed by the translating devices. If the battery be Well charged i and the voltage solenoid 'be controlled :the

openingr of the-carbons at the time the load;is`

thrown on. the load, if small, will occasion no change as the proper quant-,ity will flow to the battery and the Small addltonal currcnt will How to the.translatingr devices.

For a large load,-Whch at theset 'voltage would cans(` the sum 'of the battery current, and load current to exceed the set value, the current coil will rock its arrn in an anticlockwise direction, opening the carbone and rclh'lcing the voltage, andtherewith the battery current, until the latter added to the load current, falls to the sct current value.

lao

lVith the coils setand'opcratin" as above' descrbechin case an unusual loadiis added, the regulator will operateto pcrmit the generator to carry some overload lwyond the currcnt value tor which the current lsolenoid is set, since the high current will flow at an teries approach completion the potential will -great stance along unusual]A low volt e, thus diminishing the usual pullof the vo tage coil and callin for an unusual `condition on the part o the series coil to make up the balancm value.

Considering now the action of t e s stem upon the entire train, it is to be n that the potential across the mains at the point'of connection with the several batteries is substantially constant, as the short distance be tween the generator and the adjacent batteries as upon car 'B along the conductor 32, is com nsated forb the correspondingly e conductor 6. Thus a slight potential drop in conductor 32 is neutralized in effect by an extreme potential dro `in conductor 6.

oneover, with various batteries in different stages of charge, bridged across these conductors, the generator is protected against. an unsafe overload by coil 4 and each battery takes a share of the current proportional to its state of discharge. For examgille, if a battery is nearly charged its back M'. F. willA cut down its charging current to a greater extent than the charging current is cut down in a battery at a lower state' of charge. The generator is thus worked to its fullest capacity and the charg ing current automaticallly1 divided in accordance with the needs of t e various batteries. Moreover, as the charges of all of the batrise and the current be cut down' in such A manner as to 'place the generator output under control of the potential coil and taper oi the `charges of the various batteries. Any battery' having a higher voltage than the I potential di'erence across the main will, of

course, be prevented from back discharge by its corresponding main switch.

It will thus be seen that there is provided apparatus in which the several objects of this invention are achieved and the above and other advantages attained.

As many changes could be made in the aboveconstruction and many a parently widely different embodiments of t is invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accom anying drawings shall be interpreted as il ustrative and not in a limiting sense.

It is also to be understood that the 1anguage used in the following claims is intended to cover all of the generic and s ecific features of the invention herein escribed and all statements of the scope ofl the invention, which, as a matter of liinguage, might be said to fall therebetween. I claim:

1. In apparatus of the lclass described, in i combination, a pressure controlled variable resistance medium comprising a plurality of 2. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, a pressure controlled; Ivariable resistance medium comprising a pair of sets of contacting members, a pressure plate bridged across said sets of contacting mem-I bers throughiwhch the pressure thereon is varied, a rotatably mounted member, atog.

gle interposed between said pressure plate and said rotatable member, alever fixed to' said rotatable member, a coil controlling the position of said lever, asecond lever adapted to swing independently of said rotatable member and to interlock therewith to sw'y therewith, a second coil controlling the second lever, and means adapted to adjust the point at which said second lever and said rotatable member interlock. i

3. In an electrical resistance device,4 in combination, a carbon pile regulating resistance, two coils having separate cores, and connecting means between said cores and said resistance comprising coacting levers connected to the respective cores and pivoted coaxially, said means-.permitting .regulat' movement of one core inde ndently d movement of the other core wieile insuring movement of the first core conjointly with regulating movement of the other core.

4. In an electrical resistance device, in' combination, a carbon pile regulating resistance, a current coil, a voltage coil, said coils having separate cores, and connecting means between said cores and said resistance comlor prising coacting levers connected to the respective cores and pivoted ooaxially,' said means permitti regulating movement of the current core inde endently of movement of the voltage core wiiile insuring movement of the current core conjointlyV with regulating movement of the voltage core.

5. In an electrical resistance device, combination, a resistance, a; toggle connected thereto, a plurality of coils having separate cores, and connectin means between said coresand said togg comprising coactin levers connected to the respective cores an pivoted coaxially, said means permittin i regulating movement of one core indepen ently of movement of another core while insuring movement of the first core conjointly with regulating movement of said other core.

6. In an electrical resistance device, in combination, s: variable resistance a governing coil adapted to be connecte m series with at least `a Ortion of a load circuit, a regulating movement of the other ool'e, and. governing coil a apted tobe connected across a spring connected to each lever at a point 1e said circuit, separate cores for said coils, closer to the fulcrum thereofthan the point means comprising levers between said cores of connection of the carbon pile.

5 and said resistance to permit regulating In witness whereof I have signed my movement of one core independently of name to this-S eeifiation this 4th day of movement of the other core while insuring September, 191'?. movement of the rst core conjointly with JOSEPH BIJUR. 

